L1: CNS Tumors

• Appreciate how the anatomy of the skull and the spinal column influences the prognosis of both benign and malignant primary CNS tumors.
• List the principal clinicopathological features of some of the main types of tumors that can arise within the CNS & PNS.

L2: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)

• Explain the concepts of brain “hypoxia”, “ischemia” and “infarction”.
• Understand the pathogenesis of thrombotic and embolic strokes and be able to identify the clinical risk factors.
• Identify the causes and consequences of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage.
• Build a list of the different causes that can lead to a cerebrovascular accident.

L3: Multiple sclerosis (MS)

• Appreciate the critical role of myelin in maintaining the integrity of the CNS system.
• Understand the pathogenesis and the clinic-pathological features of multiple sclerosis as the classical and the commonest example of CNS demyelinating diseases.

L4: Neurodegenerative diseases

• Explain the basic pathological concepts of neurodegenerative disease, using Alzheimer’s and Parkinson disease as a classical example.
• Know the definition of “dementia” syndrome.
• List the possible causes of dementia.
• Understand the major clinic-pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.