L1: Introduction to pathology

• Understands the role of pathology and its various subspecialities in the diagnostic process with special emphasis on histopathology and cytology.
• Understands the meaning of the terminology used during the study of a disease like aetiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, sequelae, symptoms, signs, incidence etc.
• Role of diagnostic pathology in disease management.
• Be aware of some of the principal techniques used in pathology like light microscopy, cytology, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology.
• Have a basic knowledge of the definition of autopsy and its indications.

L2: Cell injury- 1 ,2 ,3

• Understand the concept of cells and tissue adaptation to environmental stress including the meaning of hypertrophy, hyperplasia, aplasia, atrophy, hypoplasia and metaplasia with their clinical manifestations.
• Is aware of the concept of hypoxic cell injury and its major causes.
• Understand the definitions and mechanisms of free radical injury.
• Knows the definition of apoptosis, tissue necrosis and its various types with clinical examples.
• Able to differentiate between necrosis and apoptosis.
• Understand the causes of and pathologic changes occurring in fatty change (steatosis), accumulations of exogenous and endogenous pigments (carbon, silica, iron, melanin, bilirubin and lipofuscin).
• Understand the causes of and differences between dystrophic and metastatic calcifications

L3: Inflammation and repair-1

• Define inflammation.
• List cells & molecules that play important roles in inflammation.
• Types of inflammation: acute and chronic inflammation.